Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Faculty of Electrical & Computer

Abstract

Drawing PV curve path by Continuation Power Flow (CPF) runs is the commonly used method for voltage stability studies. Although time-consuming, it can carefully determine the distance between the current operating point and the collapse point. To drive the power flow equations, the bus admittance matrix and the electrical characteristics of the generators and loads are needed.The presented method in this paper is based on this fact that, PV-curves are approximately quadratic functions and become exactly quadratic in close neighborhood of the collapse point. So, to draw the PV curve path at a load bus, the calculation of all points is not needed. Instead, using some points, the other points can be determined by the quadratic approximation of the PV curve path. The needed points can be determined using the local measurements of the voltage magnitude and the active power at the corresponding load bus. Now, having static load characteristics, the Saddle-Node Bifurcation (SNB) point can be predicted. The simulations performed on the IEEE 30-bus test system show that the voltage collapse point can be determined using only local measurements (the thing is usually claimed in model-based methods).

[1] F. Esposito, V. Isastia, S. Meo, L. Piegari, “An Improved Perturbe and Observe Algorithm for Tracking Maximum Power Points of Photovoltaic Power Systems, ” International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 10-16, August 2008.
[2] R. Rodriguez, M.A. Rios, “Voltage Security Constraint Ed Optimal Power Flow Whit Local Voltage Stability Index, ” International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 343-348, December 2008.
[3] B. Milosevic, M. Begovic, “Voltage-stability protection and control using a wide-area network of phasor measurements, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 121-127, Feb. 2003.
[4] S. Corsi, G. Taranto, “A real-time voltage instability identification algorithm based on local phasor measurements, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1271-1280, August 2008.
[5] I. Smon, G. Verbic, F. Gubina, “Local voltage-stability index using Tellegun’s theorem, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. Vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1267-1275, 2006.
[6] K. Vu, M M. Beguvic, D. Novosel, M M. Saha, “Use of local measurement to estimate voltage-stability margin, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. Vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1029-1036, 1999.
[7] A. Wiszniewski, “New criteria of voltage stability margin for the purpose of load shedding, ” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1367-1371, 2007.
[8] K. Yabe, J. Koda, K. Yoshida, K. H. Chiang, P. S. Khedkar, D. J. Leonard, N. W. Miller, “Conceptual designs of AI- based systems for local prediction of voltage collapse, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 137-146, Feb. 1996.
[9] D Q. Zhou, U D. Annakkage, A D. Rajapakse, “Online monitoring of voltage stability margin using an artificial neural network, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst.vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1566-1574, 2010.
[10] G. Verbic, F. Gubina, “A novel scheme of local protection against voltage collapse based on the apparent-power losses, ” J. Int. Electr. Power Energy Syst. vol. 26, pp. 341-347, November 2004.
[11] G. Verbic, F. Gubina, “Fast voltage-collapse line-protection algorithm based on local phasors, ” IEE Proc. Gener. trans. Distrib. vol. 150, no. 4, pp. 482-486, Feb. 2003.
[12] G. Verbic, M. Pantos, F. Gubina, “On voltage collapse and apparent-power losses, ” J. Int. Electr. Power Syst. vol. 76, pp. 760-767, October 2006.
[13] G. Verbic, F. Gubina, “A new concept of voltage-collapse protection based on local phasors, ” IEEE Trans. Power Syst. vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 576-571, April 2004.
[14] I. Smon, M. Pantos, F. Gubina, “An improved voltage-collapse protection algorithm based on local phasors, ” J. Int. Electr. Power Syst. vol. 78, pp. 434-440, May 2008.
[15] S. Abasi, F. Karbalaei, “Development of BSDC index application for analysis of voltage instability in the presence of voltage dependent loads, ” International Review on Modeling and Simulations (IREMOS), vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 196-201, Feb. 2011.
[16] A. Pama, G. Radman, “A new approach for estimating voltage collapse point based on quadratic approximation of PV-curves, ” J. Int. Electr. Power Energy Syst. vol. 79, pp. 653-659, 2009.