Document Type : Review Article
Authors
Abstract
Because of the great benefits of distributed generation (DG) resources, such as inexhaustible and nonpolluting, they have more influence in the power industry, especially in distributed networks. DGs such as fuel cells, solar cells, wind turbines and micro gas turbines, etc. are going to be installed in demand side of power systems. Such DGs can reduce power losses if they are placed appropriately in the distribution networks. In this paper presents ant colony algorithm for optimal placement and sizing of DGs in radial distribution networks for the purpose of cost minimization. The objective function includes the cost of power losses and installed DGs cost. By applying the proposed method, the economic cost and power losses are reduced to a considerable degree while enhancing the voltage profile. Algorithm to optimize the objective function written in Matlab and simulation results are investigated on a test case from a section of Tehran distribution network consisting of 13 buses.
Keywords
[1] G. Celli, F. Pilo, “Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation in MV Distribution Networks,” in Proceeding of 22th Power Industry Computer Applications Conference, pp. 81- 86, Sedney, 2001
[2] K. Nara, Y. Hayashi, K. Ikeda, T. Ashizawa, “Application of Tabu Search to Optimal Placement of Distributed Generators,” Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, PP. 918–923, Columbus, 2001.
[3] M. Gandomkar, M. Vakilian, M. Ehsan, “Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation in Distribution Network Using Hereford Ranch Algorithm,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Vol. 2, No. 6 , 2005, pp. 916 – 918, 2005.
[4] M.H. Moradi , M. Abedini , “ A combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization for optimal DG location and sizing in distribution systems”. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, pp. 66 – 74, 2012.
[5] M.P. Lolita, V. C. V. Reddy, N. S. Reddy, V.U. Reddy, “A Two Stage Methodology for Sitting and Sizing of DG for Minimum Loss in Radial Distribution Systems using RCGA,” International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.10-16, 2011.
[6] K. M. sharma, K. P. Vittal, “A Heuristic Approach to Distributed Generation Source Allocation for Electrical Power Distribution Systems,”, Iranian Journal of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 224-231, December 2010.
[7] M.F.Kotb, K. M. Shebl, M. El Khazendar, A. El. Husseiny, “ Genetic Algorithm for Optimum Sitting and Sizing of Distributed Generation ,” In Proceedings of 14th International Middle East Power Systems Conference,pp. 433-440, Egypt, 2010.
[8] Q. Kejun, Z. Chengke, A. Malcolm, Y. Yue, “A genetic-based tabu search algorithms for optimal DG allocation in distribution networks,”. Electrical Power and Energy Systems, PP. 1243–1250, 2011.
[9] A. Hajizadeh, E. Hajizadeh, “PSO Based Planning of Distribution Systems with Distributed Generations,”, International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 33-38, 2008.
[10] N. Jain, S.N. Singh, S.C. Srivastava, “Particle Swarm Optimization Based Method for Optimal Sitting and Sizing of Multiple Distributed Generators,”, In Proceedings of 16th National Power Systems Conference, pp. 669-674, Hyderabad, 2010.
[11] C. Wang, MH. Nehrir, “Analytical Approaches for Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Sources in Power Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , pp. 2068 – 2076, 2004.
[12] N. Acharya, P. Mahat, N. Mithulananthan, “An analytical approach for DG allocation in primary distribution network”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems, pp. 669- 678, Sedney, 2006.
[13] DQ. Hung, N. Mithulananthan, RC, Bansal, “Analytical Expressions for DG Allocation in Primary Distribution Networks”, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, pp. 814- 820, 2010.
[14] H. Hedayati, SA. Nabaviniaki, A. Akbarimajd, “A Method for Placement of DG Units in Distribution Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, pp. 1620 – 1628, 2008.
[15] S. Biswas , SK Goswami , A Chatterjee , “Optimum distributed generation placement with voltage sag effect minimization”. Energy Conversion and Management”, pp. 163 – 174, 2012.
[16] AA. Chowdhury, SK Agarwal, DO. Koval, “Reliability Modeling of Distributed Generation in Conventional Distribution Systems Planning and Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, pp. 1493- 1498, 2003.
[17] D .Trebolle, T Gomez, R. Cossent, P. Frias, “Distribution planning with reliability options for distributed generation”, Electric Power Systems Research, pp. 222- 229, 2010.
[18] C. Novoa, T. Jin, “Reliability centered planning for distributed generation considering wind power volatility” Electric Power Systems Research, pp. 1654 – 1661, 2011.
[19] D. Zhu, R. Broadwater, K. Tam, R. Seguin , H .Asgeirsson , “Impact of DG Placement on Reliability and Efficiency With Time Varying Loads”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , pp. 419 – 427, 2006.
[20] IS. Bae, JO. Kim, JC. Kim, C Singh, “Optimal Operating Strategy for Distributed Generation Considering Hourly Reliability Worth”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, pp. 287 – 292, 2004.
[21] YM. Atwa, EFE. Saadany, AC. Guise, “Supply Adequacy Assessment of Distribution System Including Wind-Based DG During Different Modes of Operation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems pp. 87 – 86, 2010.
[22] YM. Atwa, EFE Saadany, MMA. Salama, R. Seethapathy, M. Assam, S. Conti, “Adequacy Evaluation of Distribution System Including Wind/Solar DG During Different Modes of Operation”, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems , pp. 1945 – 1952, 2011.
[23] B. Banerjee, SM. Islam, “Reliability based optimum location of distributed generation,” Electrical Power and Energy Systems , pp. 1470 – 1478, 2011.
[24] Y. Alinejad-Beromi, M. Sedighizadeh, and M. Sadighi, “A particle Swarm Optimization for Sitting and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network to Improve Voltage Profile and Reduce THD and Losses,”, in Proceeding of 43th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, pp. 81-86, Padova, 2008.
[25] M.R. Aghaebrahimi, M. Amiri, S.H. Zahiri, “An Immune-based Optimization Method for Distributed Generation Placement in Order to Optimize Voltage Profile,”, International Conference on Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, pp. 1-7, Nanjing, 2009.
[26] M. J. Kasaei, “Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation and Capacitor in Distribution Networks with Ant Colony Algorithm,”, International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering (IJTPE), Issue 20, Vol. 6, No.3, pp.52-56, sep 2014.
[27] H. R. Esmaeilian, O. Darijany, M. Mohammadian, “Optimal Placement and Sizing of DG Units and Capacitors Simultaneously in Radial Distribution Networks Based on the Voltage Stability Security Margin,” Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, pp. 1-14, 2014.
[28] F.M. Vanek, L.D. Albright, “Energy Systems Engineering Evaluation and Implementation,” New York, McGraw-Hill, 2008.
[29] J. Mendoza, M. Lopez, A. Delgado, “Location and size of distributed generation using ant colony optimization”, International Conference on Power and Energy Systems, pp. 460- 466, 2014.
[30] H .Falaghi, M. R.Haghifam, “ACO based algorithm for distributed generation sources allocation and sizing in distribution systems”, IEEE Lausanne POWERTECH, Switzerland, 2007.
[31] M. Sedighizadeh, D. Arzaghi-haris, M.Fallahnejad, M. R. Alemi, M. Omidvaran, “Optimal placement of Distributed Generation using combination of PSO and Clonal Algorithm” IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy, Kuala Lumpur, 2010.
[32] M. J .Kasaei, H. Norouzi, “Reconfiguration of Distribution Network with Dispersed Generations Based on Ant Colony Algorithm” International Review on Modeling & Simulations, Vol. 4, No. 6, pp. 3113-3118, 2011.
)