Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Electrical Engineering Department, Mashhad, Iran

2 Engineering Department, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Current starved delay elements (CSDEs) are among the popular architectures to manipulate rising or falling edges of signals in order to meet timing requirements. The digitally controllable generations of these topologies are now monotonic and reasonably power efficient, but they lack linearity in full range. Inherently, this subject may not seem problematic because by setting the dimensions of the design elements the desired delay can be acquired. However, in case that a chain of incremental delays are required we tend to employ more linear designs. In this paper two improvements in linearity are examined for two known CS designs. Both of the topologies are in 0.18um technology and meet appropriate design parameters like power, area and monotonic response.

Keywords

[1] M. Maymandi-Nejad and M. Sachdev, “A Monotonic Digitally Controlled Delay Element” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 40, No. 11, November 2005.
[2] T. Lee, K. Donnelly, J. Ho, J. Zerbe, M. Lohnson, and T. Ishikawa, “A2.5 V CMOS delay-locked loop for an 18 Mbit, 500 megabyte/s DRAM,”IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, pp. 1491–1496, Dec. 1994.
[3] S. B. Kobenge and Huazhong Yang, “A power Efficient digitally programmable delay element for low power VLSI applications”, 1st Int'l Symposium on Quality Electronic Design-Asia, 2009.
[4] M. Maymandi-Nejad and M. Sachdev, “A digitally programmable delay element, Design and analysis”IEEE Trans. On Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, Vol. 11, No. 5, Oct. 2003.
[5] N.R. Mahapatra, S.V. Garimella, and A. Tareen, “Efficient techniques based on gate triggering for designing static CMOS ICs with very low glitch power dissipation,” to be published in Proc. 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Geneva, Switzerland, May 28-31, 2000.
[6] M. Fenghao, C. Svensson, “Pulsewidth Control Loop in High-Speed CMOS Clock Buffers”, IEEE JSSC, vol. 35, No. 2, pp.134-141, February 2000.
[7] Resolution Multi-Channel Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for High-Energy Physics and Biomedical Imaging Applications”, 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp 1133-1138, 30 June 2009.
[8] G. Wu, G. Deyuan, W. Tingcun, C. Hu-Gu2 and Y. Hu, “A High-Resolution Multi-Channel Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) for High-Energy Physics and Biomedical Imaging Applications”, 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp 1133-1138, 30 June 2009.
[9] Matano, T. et aI., "A 1-Gb/s/pin 512-Mb DDRII SDRAM using a digital DLL and a slew-rate-controlled output buffer," IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits, voI.38, no.5, pp. 762-768, May 2003.
[10] Dehng D-K. et aI., "Clock-deskew buffer using a SAR-controlled delaylocked loop," IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, pp.1128-1136, Aug 2000.
[11] Watson, R.B., Jr.; Iknaian, R.B., "Clock buffer chip with multiple target automatic skew compensation ," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, voI.30, no.11, pp.1267-1276, Nov 1995.
[12] Jonghoon, K.; Kam D. G.; Jun P. J.; SJoungho K., "Spread spectrum clock generator with delay cell array to reduce electromagnetic interference," IEEE Trans. on electromagnetic compatibility, no.4, pp.908-920, 2005.
[13] Gyudong Kim, Min-Kyu Kim, Byoung- Soo Chang,and Wonchan Kim, “A Low-Voltage, Low-Power CMOS Delay Element”, ieee journal of solid-state circuits, vol. 31, no.7, july 1996.