Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Imam Reza International University

2 Semnan University

Abstract

Curse of dimensionality is one of the biggest challenges in classification problems. High dimensionality of problem increases classification rate and brings about classification error. Selecting an effective subset of features is an important point in analyzing correlation rate in classification issues. The main purpose of this paper is enhancing characters recognition and classification, creating quick and low-cost classes, and eventually recognizing Persian handwritten characters more accurately and faster. In this paper, to reduce feature dimensionality of datasets a hybrid approach using artificial neural network, genetic algorithm and quantum genetic algorithm is proposed that can be used to distinguish Persian handwritten letters. Implementation results show that proposed algorithms are able to reduce number of features by 19% to 49%. They also show that recognition and classification accuracy of resulted subset of features has risen, by 7/31%, comparing to primitive dataset.

Keywords

[1] Kulkarni, R. S.; Vidyasagar, M., “Learning decision rules for pattern classification under a family of probability measures”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 43(1), 154-166, 1997.
[2] Kulkarni, R. S.; Lugosi, G.; Santosh, V. S. , “Learning pattern classification – A survey”, IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 44(6), 1998.
[3] A. Ahmad; L. Dey ,” A feature selection technique for classificatory analysis ” , Pattern Recognition Letters 26, 2005.
[4] Liana M. Lorigo and Venu Govindaraju “Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition : A Survey” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE, Vol. 28, No. 5, May 2006.
[5] Ahmadreza Kheirkhah, Esmaeil Rahmanian, “optimization of recognition of Farsi handwriting characters based on effective feature selection by GA”, 8th Conference on intelligent systems, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 2007(in Farsi).
[6] Sakineh Zanganeh; Reza Javanmard; Mohamad mahdi Ebadzadeh, “A Hybrid Approach for Features Dimension Reduction of Datasets using Hybrid Algorithm Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm-in Medical Diagnosis”, 3rd data mining conference, 2009(in Farsi).
[7] J. Jarmulak; S. Craw, “Genetic Algorithms for Feature Selection and Weighting”, Appears in Proceedings of the IJCAI’99 workshop on Automating the Construction of Case Based Reasoners, 1999.
[8] S. Mika; G. Ratsch; J. Weston; B. Scholkopf; A. J. Smola; K. R. Muller, “Invariant feature extraction and classification in kernel spaces”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Press, vol. 12, 2000.
[9] M. Saberi; D. Safaai, “Feature Selection Method Using Genetic Algorithm For The Classification Of Small and High Dimension Data”, IEEE Transaction On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, VOL. 23, NO. 11,2005.
[10] Reza Azmi , Boshra Pishgoo , Narges Norozi , Maryam koohzadi , Fahimeh baesi " A hybrid GA and SA algorithms for feature selection in recognition of hand-printed Farsi characters " 978-1-4244-6585-9/10/2010 IEEE.
[11] Najme ghanbari, Seyyed Mohammad razavi, Sedighe ghanbari "Optimizing Recognition System of Persian handwritten digits" Majlesi Journal of Multimedia Processing Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2012.
[12] Rahul Karthik Sivagaminathan, Sreeram Ramakrishnan “A hybrid approach for feature subset selection using neural networks and ant colony optimization”, Expert Systems with Applications 33 (2007) 49–60.
[13] Kuk-Hyun Han, Jong-Hwan Kim “Genetic Quantum Algorithm and its Application to Combinatorial Optimization Problem” 2002.
[14] Zakaria Laboudi and Salim Chikhi, “Comparison of Genetic Algorithm and Quantum Genetic Algorithm”, SCAL Group of the MISC Laboratory, University Mentouri, Algeria. 2012
[15] Kulkarni, R. S.; Lugosi, G.; Santosh, V. S. , “Learning pattern classification – A survey”, IEEE Transaction on Information Theory, 44(6), 1998.
[16] S. Mika; G. Ratsch; J. Weston; B. Scholkopf; A. J. Smola; K. R. Muller, “Invariant feature extraction and classification in kernel spaces”, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Press, vol. 12, 2000.
[17] M.Soryani and N.Rafat, “Application of Genetic Algorithms to Feature Subset Selection in a Farsi OCR”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 18 2008.
[18] L. S. OLIVEIRA, N. BENAHMED, R. SABOURIN3, F. BORTOLOZZI1, C.Y.SUEN, “Feature Subset Selection Using Genetic Algorithms for Handwritten Digit Recognition” Proc. XIV Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing (SIBGRAPI’01), P.362, 2001.
[19] Tahereh Pourhabibi, Maryam Bahojb Imani, Saman Haratizadeh, “Feature selection on Persian Fonts: A Comparative Analysis on GAA, GESA and GA”, Procedia Computer Science 3 (2011).
[20] S. K. Singhi; H. Liu, “Feature Subset Selection Bias for Classification Learning”, Appearing in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine learning, Pittsburgh, PA, 2006.
[21] I. S. Oh; J. S. Lee; B. R. Moon, “Hybrid Genetic Algorithms for Feature Selection”, IEEE Transaction On Pattern Analysis And Machine Intelligence, VOL. 26, NO. 11,November 2004.
[22] http://farsiocr.ir