Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Electrical Engineering,Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Hundreds of millions of homes worldwide already Have Fiber to The Home (FTTH) broadband connections since this technology holds many advantages over current technologies. The need for higher bandwidth by customers persists the network providers to upgrade their networks. The FTTH is the use of fiber optic cords to deliver communications signals from an operator’s central network to individual houses, buildings, residences, and changing old copper infrastructures in order to provide higher bandwidth to customers. Recently NG-PON capabilities has opened new approach in optical fiber networks creation, operators are trying to use a single infrastructure in access layer for fixed and mobile (4G/5G) services. However, the FTTH implementation is challenging for network operators in consideration of a large amount of investment, including Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX). The review and classification of the most relevant approaches about cost reduction of FTTH implementation is done in this paper based on a novel taxonomy.

Keywords

[1] "Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2017–2022 White Paper," Cisco, 2019.
[2] V. d. W. M. V. O. J. S. J. C. K. Verbrugge S, "Optimized synergy in ftth infrastructure deployment: Pragmatic as well as structural approaches," Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), 2015 17th International Conference on IEEE, pp. 1-4, 2015.
[3] P. K. L. B. A. R. K. Ouali A, "Towards achieving practical gpon ftth designs," Computer Aided Modelling and Design of Communication Links and Networks (CAMAD), 2015 IEEE 20th Interna-tional Workshop on IEEE, p. 108–113, 2015.
[4] P. K. O. A. K. P. S. S. Al Romaithi K, "Hybrid op- timization ap-proach for multi-layer ftth network design," International Conference on Innovative Techniques and Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Springer, pp. 245-259, 2015.
[5] T. Y. M. D. G. J. J. M. Papaefthimiou K, "Algorithmic pon/p2p ftth access network design for capex minimization," Telecommunications Fo-rum (TELFOR), 2013 21st, IEEE, p. 168–171, 2013.
[6] E.-S. M. G. P. P. B. Kulkarni S, "Ftth network economics: key parameters impacting technology decisions," Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium, 2008. Networks 2008. The 13th International, IEEE, pp. 1-9, 2008.
[7] Z. L. M. C. Zhao R, "Dynamic migration planning towards ftth," Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium (NETWORKS), 2010 14th International, IEEE, p. 1–6, 2010.
[8] Z. H. K. R. S. S. C. K. Jabbarpour MR, "Applications of computational intelligence in vehicle traffic congestion problem: a survey.," Soft Computing, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 2299–2320, 2018.
[9] X. Y. Schneir J, "Cost analysis of network sharing in ftth/pons.," IEEE Commu-nications Magazine, p. 52(8):126–134, 2014.
[10] S. J. R. (. Rose F, "Design and implementation of FTTH network based on GPON technology.," International Journal of Innovations in Scientific and Engineering Research (IJISER), Vol. 4, No.11, pp.209–217, 2017.
[11] J. A. S. E. M. A. N. R. J. J. Jabbarpour MR, "Analyzing the impacts of velocity and density on intelligent position-based routing protocols," Journal of Computational Science, pp. 11:177–184, 2015.
[12] M. M. T. A. Zotkiewicz M, "Profitable areas in large-scale ftth network optimization.," Telecommunication Systems, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 591–608, 2016.
[13] Al-Quzwini, "Design and imple-mentation of a fiber to the home ftth access network based on gpon.," International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 92, No. 6, 2014.
[14] V. S. M. R. C. D. P. M. D. P. Casier K, "A clear and balanced view on ftth deployment costs," Proceedings of FITCE Congress, pp. 109, 2008.
[15] C. J. L. C. Wosinska L, "Fiber access networks: reliability analysis and Swedish broadband market.," IEICE transactions on communications, Vol. 92, No. 10, pp. 3006–3014, 2009.
[16] S. A. T. J. G. Z. F. J. G. N. L. M. X. T. U. W. W. G. Roskes S, "Costs per home connected: The impacts of automated fiber management on fiber-to-the-home deploy-ments," Optical Fiber communication/ National, pp. 1-4, 2008.
[17] N. B. J. K. Ab-Rahman MS, "Centralized monitoring and self- protected against fiber fault in ftth access network," International Journal of Computer and In-formation Science and Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2008.
[18] M. M. Zotkiewicz M, "Reducing the costs of ftth networks by optimized splitter and olt card deploymentg," IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networkin, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp.412–422, 2017.
[19] L. J, "Incremental ftth deployment planning," PhD thesis, North- West University (South Africa), Potchefstroom Campus, 2016.
[20] H. J. G. J. L. D. Sanchez R, "Provisioning 1 gb/s symmetrical services with next-generation passive optical network technologies.," IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 72–77, 2016.
[21] H. Y. C. C. C. M. T. S. G. J. C. H. Y. H. L. B. Wang YS, "Automated service provisioning in hybrid fiber copper access networks," In: Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN) 2015 IEEE Conference on, IEEE, pp. 162-167, 2015.
[22] G. A. Walczyk K, "Tech-no-economic comparison of next-generation access networks for the French market," Meeting of the European Network of Universities and Companies in Information and Communication Engineering, Springer, pp. 136–147, 2012.
[23] M. B. Havic Z, "Economic model for ftth access network design," Universal Journal of Communications and Network, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 7–63, 2015.
[24] H. M. M. A. Skaljo E, "A cost effective topology in fiber to the home point to point networks based on single wavelength bidirectional multiplex," Fiber Optics in Access Network (FOAN), 2015 International Workshop on, IEEE, pp. 11–16, 2015.
[25] C. K. W. K. V. S. P. M. Van der Wee M, "Techno- economic evaluation of FTTH migration for a network provider: Comparison of NG-AON and TWDM-PON," Asia Communications and Photonics Conference, Optical Society of America, pp. AW31-3, 2013.
[26] C. E. I. K. Campbell LH, "Comaparative costs for fibre to the node and fibre to the home rollouts in australia.," Tech. rep., OVUM, 2007.
[27] Batagelj B., "Slovenian FTTH deployments before and after the economic crisis," Fiber Optics in Access Network (FOAN), 2015 International Workshop IEEE, pp. 6-10, 2015.
[28] K. H, "Passive optical components and their applications to FTTH networks.," SEI Technical Review , Vol. 73,pp. 5, 2011.
[29] W. L. M. C. J. M. Chen J, "Cost vs. reliability performance study of fiber access network architectures," IEEE Communications Magazine , Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 56–65, 2010.
[30] H. M, "An investigation on microtrenching technology for ftth deployment," PhD thesis, University of Alberta, 2016.
[31] F. C. Europe, "Fixed-Mobile Network Convergence the Key Role of Fibre," 2019.
[32] S. K. E. W. a. D. B. Carsten Behrens, "Technologies for Convergence of Fixed and Mobile Access: An Operator's Perspective," J. OPT. COMMUN. NETW, Vols. Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 37-42, 2018.
[33] R. V. M. R. R. C. R. M. a. J. M. Ricardo Martinez, "Experimental SDN Control Solutions for Automatic Operations and Management of 5G Services in a Fixed Mobile Converged Packet-Optical Network," in ONDM, 2018.
[34] M. F. S. T. A. F. J. M. a. P. M. Björn Skubic, "Optical Transport Solutions for 5G Fixed Wireless Access," j. Opt. Community. Network., Vol. 9, No. 9, pp. D10-D18, 2017.
[35] L. S. Ramon Aparicio-Pardo, "A Green Video Control Plane with Fixed-Mobile Convergence and Cloud-RAN," in 29th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC 29), 2017.
[36] Y. L. S. K. B. W. S. L. X. Y. M. a. G. S. Hao Chen, "Cost-Minimized Design for TWDM-PON-Based 5G Mobile Backhaul Networks," J. OPT. COMMUN. NETW, Vol. 8, No. 11, pp. B1-B11, 2016.
[37] M. T. a. A. P. Nicola Carapellese, "Energy-Efficient Baseband Unit Placement in a Fixed/Mobile Converged WDM Aggregation Network," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas In Communications, Vol. 32, No. 8 , pp. 1542-1551, 2014.
[38] "Framework reference for fixed and mobile convergence," COMBO Project, 2014.