Document Type : Review Article

Authors

Department of Electrical Engineering, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.

Abstract

In this paper, a Zero-Voltage Transition (ZVT) non-isolated high step-up multi-input DC-DC converters is proposed which employs an auxiliary cell and diode-capacitor multiplier. The auxiliary cell has only one switch and is suitable for high step converters with diode-capacitor multiplier. In the proposed converter, all semiconductor devices operate under fully soft switching condition. The main switches turn on and turn off under Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition whereas the auxiliary switch turns on under Zero Current Switching (ZCS) condition and turns off under zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching (ZVZCS) condition. Also, ZCS condition at turn-off is provided for all diodes to eliminate reverse recovery issue. The structure of the proposed converter includes two boost cells, one diode-capacitor multiplier cell, and one ZVT auxiliary circuit. Soft switching conditions for all main switches are provided by only one auxiliary circuit. The proposed converter has high step-up conversion gain without any coupled inductor. Soft switching conditions, continuous current of input sources, high efficiency, expansion capability of input sources, returning the energy of the auxiliary circuit to the diode-capacitor multiplier and low-voltage stress on switches are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The steady-state analysis of the converter and operation modes are discussed. A 160-W prototype of the proposed converter is designed and implemented. Experimental results confirm that the theoretical and the efficiency of the proposed converter reaches 96.4% at the nominal load.
 

Keywords

[1] B. Yang, W. Li, Y. Zhao, and X. He, "Design and analysis of a grid-connected photovoltaic power system," IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 992-1000, 2009, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2009.2036432.
[2] H. Ghoddami and A. Yazdani, "A single-stage three-phase photovoltaic system with enhanced maximum power point tracking capability and increased power rating," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1017-1029, 2010, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2010.2055896.
[3] Z. Rehman, I. Al-Bahadly, and S. Mukhopadhyay, "Multiinput DC–DC converters in renewable energy applications – An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 41, pp. 521-539, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.033.
[4] Y. T. Chen, W. C. Lin, R. H. Liang, and Applications, "An interleaved high step‐up DC‐DC converter with double boost paths," International Journal of Circuit Theory, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 967-983, 2015, doi: 10.1002/cta.1986.
[5] A. I. Bratcu, I. Munteanu, S. Bacha, D. Picault, and B. Raison, "Cascaded dc–dc converter photovoltaic systems: Power optimization issues," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 403-411, 2010, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2043041.
[6] M. Mahmoudi, A. Ajami, and E. Babaei, "A non‐isolated high step‐up DC‐DC converter with integrated 3 winding coupled inductor and reduced switch voltage stress," International Journal of Circuit Theory Applications, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1879-1898, 2018, doi: 10.1002/cta.2483.
[7] G. Wu, X. Ruan, and Z. Ye, "Nonisolated high step-up DC–DC converters adopting switched-capacitor cell," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 383-393, 2014, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2014.2327000.
[8] S. H. Mirlohi, M. R. Yazdani, E. Adib, and M. R. Amini, "Non‐isolated high step‐up dual‐input DC‐DC converter with zero‐voltage transition," International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 762-776, 2020, doi: 10.1002/cta.2747.
[9] B. Poorali, A. Torkan, and E. Adib, "High step-up Z-source DC–DC converter with coupled inductors and switched capacitor cell," IET Power Electronics, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1394-1402, 2015, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0200.
[10] M. Forouzesh, Y. P. Siwakoti, S. A. Gorji, F. Blaabjerg, and B. Lehman, "A survey on voltage boosting techniques for step-up DC-DC converters," in 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2016: IEEE, pp. 1-8, doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2016.7854792.
[11] L.-W. Zhou, B.-X. Zhu, and Q.-M. Luo, "High step-up converter with capacity of multiple input," IET Power Electronics, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 524-531, 2012, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2011.0177.
[12] A. Deihimi, M. E. S. Mahmoodieh, and R. Iravani, "A new multi-input step-up DC–DC converter for hybrid energy systems," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 149, pp. 111-124, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2017.04.017.
[13] A. T. Harchegani and M. Mahdavi, "A New Soft Switching Dual Input Converter for Renewable Energy Systems," Journal of Power Electronics, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 1127-1136, 2017, doi: 10.6113/JPE.2017.17.5.1127.
[14] P. Mohseni, S. H. Hosseini, M. Sabahi, and M. Maalandish, "A multi‐input‐single‐output high step‐up DC‐DC converter with low‐voltage stress across semiconductors," International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, p. e12123, 2019, doi: 10.1002/2050-7038.12123.
[15] S. Dusmez, X. Li, and B. Akin, "A new multiinput three-level DC/DC converter," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 1230-1240, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2424246.
[16] R.-J. Wai, C.-Y. Lin, J.-J. Liaw, and Y.-R. Chang, "Newly designed ZVS multi-input converter," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 555-566, 2011, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2047834.
[17] E. Babaei, Z. Saadatizadeh, P. Chavoshipour Heris, and Applications, "A new topology for nonisolated multiport zero voltage switching dc‐dc converter," International Journal of Circuit Theory, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 1204-1227, 2018, doi: 10.1002/cta.2451.
[18] Y.-M. Chen, A. Q. Huang, and X. Yu, "A high step-up three-port DC–DC converter for stand-alone PV/battery power systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 5049-5062, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2242491.
[19] A. Nahavandi, M. T. Hagh, M. B. B. Sharifian, and S. Danyali, "A nonisolated multiinput multioutput DC–DC boost converter for electric vehicle applications," IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1818-1835, 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2325830.
[20] B. Zhu, Q. Zeng, Y. Chen, Y. Zhao, and S. Liu, "A Dual-Input High Step-Up DC/DC Converter with ZVT Auxiliary Circuit," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2018, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2018.2876303.
[21] P. Mohseni, S. Hossein Hosseini, M. Maalandish, and M. Sabahi, "Ultra-high step-up two-input DC–DC converter with lower switching losses," IET Power Electronics, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 2201-2213, 2019, doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5924.
[22] S. N. Esfahani, M. Delshad, and M. B. Tavakoli, "A New Family of Soft Single Switched DC-DC Converters with Lossless Passive Snubber," Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 51-59, 2020.
[23] R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimović, "Fundamentals of power electronics," 2001.